In partnership with Chung-Ang University, University of Colorado, and University of Massachusetts, researchers used data from the Migraine In America 2015 syndicated research study to investigate the role of locus of control on chronic pain outcomes and quality of life for females living with chronic migraines depending on their smoking status.

The findings of the present study imply that behavioral and psychological interventions can be beneficial for chronic migraines with external locus of control as those interventions can improve not only their psychological wellbeing but also their migraine outcomes.

Learn more and see the full results of the study here.